/* * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Travis Geiselbrecht * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining * a copy of this software and associated documentation files * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, * subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. */ /** * @file * @brief Kernel threading * * This file is the core kernel threading interface. * * @defgroup thread Threads * @{ */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #if DEBUGLEVEL > 1 #define THREAD_CHECKS 1 #endif #if THREAD_STATS struct thread_stats thread_stats; #endif /* global thread list */ static struct list_node thread_list; /* the current thread */ thread_t *current_thread; /* the global critical section count */ int critical_section_count = 1; /* the run queue */ static struct list_node run_queue[NUM_PRIORITIES]; static uint32_t run_queue_bitmap; /* the bootstrap thread (statically allocated) */ static thread_t bootstrap_thread; /* the idle thread */ thread_t *idle_thread; /* local routines */ static void thread_resched(void); static void idle_thread_routine(void) __NO_RETURN; #if PLATFORM_HAS_DYNAMIC_TIMER /* preemption timer */ static timer_t preempt_timer; #endif /* run queue manipulation */ static void insert_in_run_queue_head(thread_t *t) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_READY); ASSERT(!list_in_list(&t->queue_node)); ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif list_add_head(&run_queue[t->priority], &t->queue_node); run_queue_bitmap |= (1<priority); } static void insert_in_run_queue_tail(thread_t *t) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_READY); ASSERT(!list_in_list(&t->queue_node)); ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif list_add_tail(&run_queue[t->priority], &t->queue_node); run_queue_bitmap |= (1<priority); } static void init_thread_struct(thread_t *t, const char *name) { memset(t, 0, sizeof(thread_t)); t->magic = THREAD_MAGIC; strlcpy(t->name, name, sizeof(t->name)); } /** * @brief Create a new thread * * This function creates a new thread. The thread is initially suspended, so you * need to call thread_resume() to execute it. * * @param name Name of thread * @param entry Entry point of thread * @param arg Arbitrary argument passed to entry() * @param priority Execution priority for the thread. * @param stack_size Stack size for the thread. * * Thread priority is an integer from 0 (lowest) to 31 (highest). Some standard * prioritys are defined in : * * HIGHEST_PRIORITY * DPC_PRIORITY * HIGH_PRIORITY * DEFAULT_PRIORITY * LOW_PRIORITY * IDLE_PRIORITY * LOWEST_PRIORITY * * Stack size is typically set to DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE * * @return Pointer to thread object, or NULL on failure. */ thread_t *thread_create(const char *name, thread_start_routine entry, void *arg, int priority, size_t stack_size) { thread_t *t; t = malloc(sizeof(thread_t)); if (!t) return NULL; init_thread_struct(t, name); t->entry = entry; t->arg = arg; t->priority = priority; t->saved_critical_section_count = 1; /* we always start inside a critical section */ t->state = THREAD_SUSPENDED; t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL; t->wait_queue_block_ret = NO_ERROR; /* create the stack */ t->stack = malloc(stack_size); if (!t->stack) { free(t); return NULL; } t->stack_size = stack_size; /* inheirit thread local storage from the parent */ int i; for (i=0; i < MAX_TLS_ENTRY; i++) t->tls[i] = current_thread->tls[i]; /* set up the initial stack frame */ arch_thread_initialize(t); /* add it to the global thread list */ enter_critical_section(); list_add_head(&thread_list, &t->thread_list_node); exit_critical_section(); return t; } /** * @brief Make a suspended thread executable. * * This function is typically called to start a thread which has just been * created with thread_create() * * @param t Thread to resume * * @return NO_ERROR on success, ERR_NOT_SUSPENDED if thread was not suspended. */ status_t thread_resume(thread_t *t) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(t->state != THREAD_DEATH); #endif if (t->state == THREAD_READY || t->state == THREAD_RUNNING) return ERR_NOT_SUSPENDED; enter_critical_section(); t->state = THREAD_READY; insert_in_run_queue_head(t); thread_yield(); exit_critical_section(); return NO_ERROR; } static void thread_cleanup_dpc(void *thread) { thread_t *t = (thread_t *)thread; // dprintf(SPEW, "thread_cleanup_dpc: thread %p (%s)\n", t, t->name); #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_DEATH); ASSERT(t->blocking_wait_queue == NULL); ASSERT(!list_in_list(&t->queue_node)); #endif /* remove it from the master thread list */ enter_critical_section(); list_delete(&t->thread_list_node); exit_critical_section(); /* free its stack and the thread structure itself */ if (t->stack) free(t->stack); free(t); } /** * @brief Terminate the current thread * * Current thread exits with the specified return code. * * This function does not return. */ void thread_exit(int retcode) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING); #endif // dprintf("thread_exit: current %p\n", current_thread); enter_critical_section(); /* enter the dead state */ current_thread->state = THREAD_DEATH; current_thread->retcode = retcode; /* schedule a dpc to clean ourselves up */ dpc_queue(thread_cleanup_dpc, (void *)current_thread, DPC_FLAG_NORESCHED); /* reschedule */ thread_resched(); panic("somehow fell through thread_exit()\n"); } static void idle_thread_routine(void) { for(;;) arch_idle(); } /** * @brief Cause another thread to be executed. * * Internal reschedule routine. The current thread needs to already be in whatever * state and queues it needs to be in. This routine simply picks the next thread and * switches to it. * * This is probably not the function you're looking for. See * thread_yield() instead. */ void thread_resched(void) { thread_t *oldthread; thread_t *newthread; // dprintf("thread_resched: current %p: ", current_thread); // dump_thread(current_thread); #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif #if THREAD_STATS thread_stats.reschedules++; #endif oldthread = current_thread; // at the moment, can't deal with more than 32 priority levels ASSERT(NUM_PRIORITIES <= 32); // should at least find the idle thread #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(run_queue_bitmap != 0); #endif int next_queue = HIGHEST_PRIORITY - __builtin_clz(run_queue_bitmap) - (32 - NUM_PRIORITIES); //dprintf(SPEW, "bitmap 0x%x, next %d\n", run_queue_bitmap, next_queue); newthread = list_remove_head_type(&run_queue[next_queue], thread_t, queue_node); #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(newthread); #endif if (list_is_empty(&run_queue[next_queue])) run_queue_bitmap &= ~(1<= LOWEST_PRIORITY; i--) { newthread = list_remove_head_type(&run_queue[i], thread_t, queue_node); if (newthread) break; } #endif // dprintf("newthread: "); // dump_thread(newthread); newthread->state = THREAD_RUNNING; if (newthread == oldthread) return; /* set up quantum for the new thread if it was consumed */ if (newthread->remaining_quantum <= 0) { newthread->remaining_quantum = 5; // XXX make this smarter } #if THREAD_STATS thread_stats.context_switches++; if (oldthread == idle_thread) { bigtime_t now = current_time_hires(); thread_stats.idle_time += now - thread_stats.last_idle_timestamp; } if (newthread == idle_thread) { thread_stats.last_idle_timestamp = current_time_hires(); } #endif #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(critical_section_count > 0); ASSERT(newthread->saved_critical_section_count > 0); #endif #if PLATFORM_HAS_DYNAMIC_TIMER /* if we're switching from idle to a real thread, set up a periodic * timer to run our preemption tick. */ if (oldthread == idle_thread) { timer_set_periodic(&preempt_timer, 10, (timer_callback)thread_timer_tick, NULL); } else if (newthread == idle_thread) { timer_cancel(&preempt_timer); } #endif /* do the switch */ oldthread->saved_critical_section_count = critical_section_count; current_thread = newthread; critical_section_count = newthread->saved_critical_section_count; arch_context_switch(oldthread, newthread); } /** * @brief Yield the cpu to another thread * * This function places the current thread at the end of the run queue * and yields the cpu to another waiting thread (if any.) * * This function will return at some later time. Possibly immediately if * no other threads are waiting to execute. */ void thread_yield(void) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING); #endif enter_critical_section(); #if THREAD_STATS thread_stats.yields++; #endif /* we are yielding the cpu, so stick ourselves into the tail of the run queue and reschedule */ current_thread->state = THREAD_READY; current_thread->remaining_quantum = 0; insert_in_run_queue_tail(current_thread); thread_resched(); exit_critical_section(); } /** * @brief Briefly yield cpu to another thread * * This function is similar to thread_yield(), except that it will * restart more quickly. * * This function places the current thread at the head of the run * queue and then yields the cpu to another thread. * * Exception: If the time slice for this thread has expired, then * the thread goes to the end of the run queue. * * This function will return at some later time. Possibly immediately if * no other threads are waiting to execute. */ void thread_preempt(void) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING); #endif enter_critical_section(); #if THREAD_STATS if (current_thread != idle_thread) thread_stats.preempts++; /* only track when a meaningful preempt happens */ #endif /* we are being preempted, so we get to go back into the front of the run queue if we have quantum left */ current_thread->state = THREAD_READY; if (current_thread->remaining_quantum > 0) insert_in_run_queue_head(current_thread); else insert_in_run_queue_tail(current_thread); /* if we're out of quantum, go to the tail of the queue */ thread_resched(); exit_critical_section(); } /** * @brief Suspend thread until woken. * * This function schedules another thread to execute. This function does not * return until the thread is made runable again by some other module. * * You probably don't want to call this function directly; it's meant to be called * from other modules, such as mutex, which will presumably set the thread's * state to blocked and add it to some queue or another. */ void thread_block(void) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_BLOCKED); #endif enter_critical_section(); /* we are blocking on something. the blocking code should have already stuck us on a queue */ thread_resched(); exit_critical_section(); } enum handler_return thread_timer_tick(void) { if (current_thread == idle_thread) return INT_NO_RESCHEDULE; current_thread->remaining_quantum--; if (current_thread->remaining_quantum <= 0) return INT_RESCHEDULE; else return INT_NO_RESCHEDULE; } /* timer callback to wake up a sleeping thread */ static enum handler_return thread_sleep_handler(timer_t *timer, time_t now, void *arg) { thread_t *t = (thread_t *)arg; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_SLEEPING); #endif t->state = THREAD_READY; insert_in_run_queue_head(t); return INT_RESCHEDULE; } /** * @brief Put thread to sleep; delay specified in ms * * This function puts the current thread to sleep until the specified * delay in ms has expired. * * Note that this function could sleep for longer than the specified delay if * other threads are running. When the timer expires, this thread will * be placed at the head of the run queue. */ void thread_sleep(time_t delay) { timer_t timer; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING); #endif timer_initialize(&timer); enter_critical_section(); timer_set_oneshot(&timer, delay, thread_sleep_handler, (void *)current_thread); current_thread->state = THREAD_SLEEPING; thread_resched(); exit_critical_section(); } /** * @brief Initialize threading system * * This function is called once, from kmain() */ void thread_init_early(void) { int i; /* initialize the run queues */ for (i=0; i < NUM_PRIORITIES; i++) list_initialize(&run_queue[i]); /* initialize the thread list */ list_initialize(&thread_list); /* create a thread to cover the current running state */ thread_t *t = &bootstrap_thread; init_thread_struct(t, "bootstrap"); /* half construct this thread, since we're already running */ t->priority = HIGHEST_PRIORITY; t->state = THREAD_RUNNING; t->saved_critical_section_count = 1; list_add_head(&thread_list, &t->thread_list_node); current_thread = t; } /** * @brief Complete thread initialization * * This function is called once at boot time */ void thread_init(void) { #if PLATFORM_HAS_DYNAMIC_TIMER timer_initialize(&preempt_timer); #endif } /** * @brief Change name of current thread */ void thread_set_name(const char *name) { strlcpy(current_thread->name, name, sizeof(current_thread->name)); } /** * @brief Change priority of current thread * * See thread_create() for a discussion of priority values. */ void thread_set_priority(int priority) { if (priority < LOWEST_PRIORITY) priority = LOWEST_PRIORITY; if (priority > HIGHEST_PRIORITY) priority = HIGHEST_PRIORITY; current_thread->priority = priority; } /** * @brief Become an idle thread * * This function marks the current thread as the idle thread -- the one which * executes when there is nothing else to do. This function does not return. * This function is called once at boot time. */ void thread_become_idle(void) { thread_set_name("idle"); thread_set_priority(IDLE_PRIORITY); idle_thread = current_thread; idle_thread_routine(); } /** * @brief Dump debugging info about the specified thread. */ void dump_thread(thread_t *t) { dprintf(INFO, "dump_thread: t %p (%s)\n", t, t->name); dprintf(INFO, "\tstate %d, priority %d, remaining quantum %d, critical section %d\n", t->state, t->priority, t->remaining_quantum, t->saved_critical_section_count); dprintf(INFO, "\tstack %p, stack_size %zd\n", t->stack, t->stack_size); dprintf(INFO, "\tentry %p, arg %p\n", t->entry, t->arg); dprintf(INFO, "\twait queue %p, wait queue ret %d\n", t->blocking_wait_queue, t->wait_queue_block_ret); dprintf(INFO, "\ttls:"); int i; for (i=0; i < MAX_TLS_ENTRY; i++) { dprintf(INFO, " 0x%x", t->tls[i]); } dprintf(INFO, "\n"); } /** * @brief Dump debugging info about all threads */ void dump_all_threads(void) { thread_t *t; enter_critical_section(); list_for_every_entry(&thread_list, t, thread_t, thread_list_node) { dump_thread(t); } exit_critical_section(); } /** @} */ /** * @defgroup wait Wait Queue * @{ */ /** * @brief Initialize a wait queue */ void wait_queue_init(wait_queue_t *wait) { wait->magic = WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC; list_initialize(&wait->list); wait->count = 0; } static enum handler_return wait_queue_timeout_handler(timer_t *timer, time_t now, void *arg) { thread_t *thread = (thread_t *)arg; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); #endif if (thread_unblock_from_wait_queue(thread, false, ERR_TIMED_OUT) >= NO_ERROR) return INT_RESCHEDULE; return INT_NO_RESCHEDULE; } /** * @brief Block until a wait queue is notified. * * This function puts the current thread at the end of a wait * queue and then blocks until some other thread wakes the queue * up again. * * @param wait The wait queue to enter * @param timeout The maximum time, in ms, to wait * * If the timeout is zero, this function returns immediately with * ERR_TIMED_OUT. If the timeout is INFINITE_TIME, this function * waits indefinitely. Otherwise, this function returns with * ERR_TIMED_OUT at the end of the timeout period. * * @return ERR_TIMED_OUT on timeout, else returns the return * value specified when the queue was woken by wait_queue_wake_one(). */ status_t wait_queue_block(wait_queue_t *wait, time_t timeout) { timer_t timer; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC); ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING); ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif if (timeout == 0) return ERR_TIMED_OUT; list_add_tail(&wait->list, ¤t_thread->queue_node); wait->count++; current_thread->state = THREAD_BLOCKED; current_thread->blocking_wait_queue = wait; current_thread->wait_queue_block_ret = NO_ERROR; /* if the timeout is nonzero or noninfinite, set a callback to yank us out of the queue */ if (timeout != INFINITE_TIME) { timer_initialize(&timer); timer_set_oneshot(&timer, timeout, wait_queue_timeout_handler, (void *)current_thread); } thread_block(); /* we don't really know if the timer fired or not, so it's better safe to try to cancel it */ if (timeout != INFINITE_TIME) { timer_cancel(&timer); } return current_thread->wait_queue_block_ret; } /** * @brief Wake up one thread sleeping on a wait queue * * This function removes one thread (if any) from the head of the wait queue and * makes it executable. The new thread will be placed at the head of the * run queue. * * @param wait The wait queue to wake * @param reschedule If true, the newly-woken thread will run immediately. * @param wait_queue_error The return value which the new thread will receive * from wait_queue_block(). * * @return The number of threads woken (zero or one) */ int wait_queue_wake_one(wait_queue_t *wait, bool reschedule, status_t wait_queue_error) { thread_t *t; int ret = 0; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC); ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif t = list_remove_head_type(&wait->list, thread_t, queue_node); if (t) { wait->count--; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_BLOCKED); #endif t->state = THREAD_READY; t->wait_queue_block_ret = wait_queue_error; t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL; /* if we're instructed to reschedule, stick the current thread on the head * of the run queue first, so that the newly awakened thread gets a chance to run * before the current one, but the current one doesn't get unnecessarilly punished. */ if (reschedule) { current_thread->state = THREAD_READY; insert_in_run_queue_head(current_thread); } insert_in_run_queue_head(t); if (reschedule) thread_resched(); ret = 1; } return ret; } /** * @brief Wake all threads sleeping on a wait queue * * This function removes all threads (if any) from the wait queue and * makes them executable. The new threads will be placed at the head of the * run queue. * * @param wait The wait queue to wake * @param reschedule If true, the newly-woken threads will run immediately. * @param wait_queue_error The return value which the new thread will receive * from wait_queue_block(). * * @return The number of threads woken (zero or one) */ int wait_queue_wake_all(wait_queue_t *wait, bool reschedule, status_t wait_queue_error) { thread_t *t; int ret = 0; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC); ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif if (reschedule && wait->count > 0) { /* if we're instructed to reschedule, stick the current thread on the head * of the run queue first, so that the newly awakened threads get a chance to run * before the current one, but the current one doesn't get unnecessarilly punished. */ current_thread->state = THREAD_READY; insert_in_run_queue_head(current_thread); } /* pop all the threads off the wait queue into the run queue */ while ((t = list_remove_head_type(&wait->list, thread_t, queue_node))) { wait->count--; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_BLOCKED); #endif t->state = THREAD_READY; t->wait_queue_block_ret = wait_queue_error; t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL; insert_in_run_queue_head(t); ret++; } #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(wait->count == 0); #endif if (reschedule && ret > 0) thread_resched(); return ret; } /** * @brief Free all resources allocated in wait_queue_init() * * If any threads were waiting on this queue, they are all woken. */ void wait_queue_destroy(wait_queue_t *wait, bool reschedule) { #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC); ASSERT(in_critical_section()); #endif wait_queue_wake_all(wait, reschedule, ERR_OBJECT_DESTROYED); wait->magic = 0; } /** * @brief Wake a specific thread in a wait queue * * This function extracts a specific thread from a wait queue, wakes it, and * puts it at the head of the run queue. * * @param t The thread to wake * @param reschedule If true, the newly-woken threads will run immediately. * @param wait_queue_error The return value which the new thread will receive * from wait_queue_block(). * * @return ERR_NOT_BLOCKED if thread was not in any wait queue. */ status_t thread_unblock_from_wait_queue(thread_t *t, bool reschedule, status_t wait_queue_error) { enter_critical_section(); #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC); #endif if (t->state != THREAD_BLOCKED) return ERR_NOT_BLOCKED; #if THREAD_CHECKS ASSERT(t->blocking_wait_queue != NULL); ASSERT(t->blocking_wait_queue->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC); ASSERT(list_in_list(&t->queue_node)); #endif list_delete(&t->queue_node); t->blocking_wait_queue->count--; t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL; t->state = THREAD_READY; t->wait_queue_block_ret = wait_queue_error; insert_in_run_queue_head(t); if (reschedule) thread_resched(); exit_critical_section(); return NO_ERROR; }