page.title=Tab Layout parent.title=Hello, Views parent.link=index.html @jd:body

To create a tabbed UI, you need to use a {@link android.widget.TabHost} and a {@link android.widget.TabWidget}. The {@link android.widget.TabHost} must be the root node for the layout, which contains both the {@link android.widget.TabWidget} for displaying the tabs and a {@link android.widget.FrameLayout} for displaying the tab content.

You can implement your tab content in one of two ways: use the tabs to swap {@link android.view.View}s within the same {@link android.app.Activity}, or use the tabs to change between entirely separate activities. Which method you want for your application will depend on your demands, but if each tab provides a distinct user activity, then it probably makes sense to use a separate {@link android.app.Activity} for each tab, so that you can better manage the application in discrete groups, rather than one massive application and layout.

In this tutorial, you'll create a tabbed UI that uses a separate {@link android.app.Activity} for each tab.

  1. Start a new project named HelloTabWidget.
  2. First, create three separate {@link android.app.Activity} classes in your project: ArtistsActivity, AlbumsActivity, and SongsActivity. These will each represent a separate tab. For now, make each one display a simple message using a {@link android.widget.TextView}. For example: 
    public class ArtistsActivity extends Activity {
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        TextView textview = new TextView(this);
        textview.setText("This is the Artists tab");
        setContentView(textview);
    }
}

    Notice that this doesn't use a layout file. Just create a {@link android.widget.TextView}, give it some text and set that as the content. Duplicate this for each of the three activities, and add the corresponding <activity/> tags to the Android Manifest file.

  3. You need an icon for each of your tabs. For each icon, you should create two versions: one for when the tab is selected and one for when it is unselected. The general design recommendation is for the selected icon to be a dark color (grey), and the unselected icon to be a light color (white). (See the Icon Design Guidelines.) For example:

    For this tutorial, you can copy these images and use them for all three tabs. (When you create tabs in your own application, you should create customized tab icons.)

    Now create a state-list drawable that specifies which image to use for each tab state:

    1. Save the icon images in your project res/drawable/ directory.
    2. Create a new XML file in res/drawable/ named ic_tab_artists.xml and insert the following: 
      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- When selected, use grey -->
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/ic_tab_artists_grey"
          android:state_selected="true" />
    <!-- When not selected, use white-->
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/ic_tab_artists_white" />
</selector>

      This is a state-list drawable, which you will apply as the tab image. When the tab state changes, the tab icon will automatically switch between the images defined here.

  4. Open the res/layout/main.xml file and insert the following: 
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TabHost xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@android:id/tabhost"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:padding="5dp">
        <TabWidget
            android:id="@android:id/tabs"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@android:id/tabcontent"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="fill_parent"
            android:padding="5dp" />
    </LinearLayout>
</TabHost>

    This is the layout that will display the tabs and provide navigation between each {@link android.app.Activity} created above.

    The {@link android.widget.TabHost} requires that a {@link android.widget.TabWidget} and a {@link android.widget.FrameLayout} both live somewhere within it. To position the {@link android.widget.TabWidget} and {@link android.widget.FrameLayout} vertically, a {@link android.widget.LinearLayout} is used. The {@link android.widget.FrameLayout} is where the content for each tab goes, which is empty now because the {@link android.widget.TabHost} will automatically embed each {@link android.app.Activity} within it.

    Notice that the {@link android.widget.TabWidget} and the {@link android.widget.FrameLayout} elements have the IDs {@code tabs} and {@code tabcontent}, respectively. These names must be used so that the {@link android.widget.TabHost} can retrieve references to each of them. It expects exactly these names.

  5. Now open HelloTabWidget.java and make it extend {@link android.app.TabActivity}:

    public class HelloTabWidget extends TabActivity {
  6. Use the following code for the {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate(Bundle) onCreate()} method: 
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    Resources res = getResources(); // Resource object to get Drawables
    TabHost tabHost = getTabHost();  // The activity TabHost
    TabHost.TabSpec spec;  // Resusable TabSpec for each tab
    Intent intent;  // Reusable Intent for each tab

    // Create an Intent to launch an Activity for the tab (to be reused)
    intent = new Intent().setClass(this, ArtistsActivity.class);

    // Initialize a TabSpec for each tab and add it to the TabHost
    spec = tabHost.newTabSpec("artists").setIndicator("Artists",
                      res.getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_tab_artists))
                  .setContent(intent);
    tabHost.addTab(spec);

    // Do the same for the other tabs
    intent = new Intent().setClass(this, AlbumsActivity.class);
    spec = tabHost.newTabSpec("albums").setIndicator("Albums",
                      res.getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_tab_albums))
                  .setContent(intent);
    tabHost.addTab(spec);

    intent = new Intent().setClass(this, SongsActivity.class);
    spec = tabHost.newTabSpec("songs").setIndicator("Songs",
                      res.getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_tab_songs))
                  .setContent(intent);
    tabHost.addTab(spec);

    tabHost.setCurrentTab(2);
}

    This sets up each tab with their text and icon, and assigns each one an {@link android.app.Activity}.

    A reference to the {@link android.widget.TabHost} is first captured with {@link android.app.TabActivity#getTabHost()}. Then, for each tab, a {@link android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec} is created to define the tab properties. The {@link android.widget.TabHost#newTabSpec(String)} method creates a new {@link android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec} identified by the given string tag. For each {@link android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec}, {@link android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec#setIndicator(CharSequence,Drawable)} is called to set the text and icon for the tab, and {@link android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec#setContent(Intent)} is called to specify the {@link android.content.Intent} to open the appropriate {@link android.app.Activity}. Each {@link android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec} is then added to the {@link android.widget.TabHost} by calling {@link android.widget.TabHost#addTab(TabHost.TabSpec)}.

    At the very end, {@link android.widget.TabHost#setCurrentTab(int)} opens the tab to be displayed by default, specified by the index position of the tab.

    Notice that not once was the {@link android.widget.TabWidget} object referenced. This is because a {@link android.widget.TabWidget} must always be a child of a {@link android.widget.TabHost}, which is what you use for almost all interaction with the tabs. So when a tab is added to the {@link android.widget.TabHost}, it's automatically added to the child {@link android.widget.TabWidget}.

  7. Now open the Android Manifest file and add the NoTitleBar theme to the HelloTabWidget's <activity> tag. This will remove the default application title from the top of the layout, leaving more space for the tabs, which effectively operate as their own titles. The <activity> tag should look like this: 
    <activity android:name=".HelloTabWidget" android:label="@string/app_name"
          android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar">
  8. Run the application.

Your application should look like this (though your icons may be different):

References