M7350/base/docs/html/sdk/android-1.6.jd

page.title=Android 1.6 Platform
sdk.platform.version=1.6
sdk.platform.apiLevel=4
sdk.platform.majorMinor=minor

@jd:body

<div id="qv-wrapper">
<div id="qv">

<h2>In this document</h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#features">Platform Highlights</a></li>
  <li><a href="#relnotes">Revisions</a></li>
  <li><a href="#api-level">API Level</a></li>
  <li><a href="#api">Framework API Changes</a>
  <li><a href="#apps">Built-in Applications</a></li>
  <li><a href="#locs">Locales</a></li>
  <li><a href="#skins">Emulator Skins</a></li>

    </ol>
  </li>
</ol>

<h2>Reference</h2>
<ol>
<li><a
href="{@docRoot}sdk/api_diff/{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}/changes.html">API
Differences Report &raquo;</a> </li>
</ol>

<h2>See Also</h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="{@docRoot}sdk/adding-components.html">Adding SDK Components</a></li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>

<p>
<em>API Level:</em>&nbsp;<strong>{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}</strong></p>

<p>Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} is a {@sdkPlatformMajorMinor} platform release
deployable to Android-powered handsets since October 2009.
The platform includes new features for users and developers, as well as changes
in the Android framework API. </p>

<p>For developers, a new release of the Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} platform
is available as a downloadable component for the Android SDK. The platform
&mdash; Android 1.6 r2 &mdash; includes a fully compliant Android library and
system image, as well as a set of emulator skins, sample applications, and minor
development updates. The downloadable platform is fully compliant (API Level 4)
and includes no external libraries.</p>

<p>To get started developing or testing against the Android
{@sdkPlatformVersion} platform, use the Android SDK and AVD Manager tool to
download the latest Android 1.6 platform into your Android 1.6 or later SDK. For
more information, see <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/adding-components.html">Adding SDK
Components</a>.</p>


<h2 id="features">Platform Highlights</h2>

<p>For a list of new user features and platform highlights, see the <a
href="http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-{@sdkPlatformVersion}-highlights.html">Android 
{@sdkPlatformVersion} Platform Highlights</a> document.</p>


<h2 id="relnotes">Revisions</h2>

<p>The sections below provide notes about successive releases of
the Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} platform component for the Android SDK, as denoted by
revision number. To determine what revision(s) of the Android
{@sdkPlatformVersion} platforms are installed in your SDK environment, refer to
the "Installed Packages" listing in the Android SDK and AVD Manager.</p>

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  <a href="#" onclick="return toggleDiv(this)">
        <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/triangle-opened.png" class="toggle-img" height="9px" width="9px" />
        Android 1.6, Revision 3</a> <em>(May 2010)</em></a>
  <div class="toggleme">
<dl>
<dt>Dependencies:</dt>
<dd>
<p>Requires SDK Tools r6 or higher.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Tools:</dt> 
<dd>
<ul> 
<li>Adds support for library projects in the Ant build system.</li>
</ul> 
</dd>
</dl>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="toggleable closed">
  <a href="#" onclick="return toggleDiv(this)">
        <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/triangle-closed.png" class="toggle-img" height="9px" width="9px" />
        Android 1.6, Revision 2</a> <em>(December 2009)</em></a>
  <div class="toggleme">
<dl>
<dt>Dependencies:</dt>
<dd>
<p>Requires SDK Tools r4 or higher.</p>
</dd>

<dt>API related:</dt> 
<dd>
<ul> 
<li>Properly exposes CDMA-related constants in <code><a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/telephony/TelephonyManager.html">android.telephony.TelephonyManager</a></code>: <code>DATA_ACTIVITY_DORMANT</code>,
<code>PHONE_TYPE_CDMA</code>, <code>NETWORK_TYPE_CDMA</code>,
<code>NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_0</code>, <code>NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_A</code>, and
<code>NETWORK_TYPE_1xRTT</code>.</li> 
</ul> 
</dd>
<dt>System image:</dt> 
<dd>
<ul> 
<li>Fixes bug so that Bitmap's density is now propagated through Parcelable.</li> 
<li>Fixes NinePatchDrawable to properly scale its reported padding for compatibility mode.</li> 
<li>Fixes TextView to properly compute styled font metrics based on the screen density.</li> 
<li>Updates kernel to 2.6.29, to match kernel on commercially
available Android-powered devices.</li> 
</ul> 
</dd>
<dt>Tools:</dt> 
<dd>
<ul> 
<li>Adds new Ant build system with support for Emma instrumentation projects
(code coverage).</li> 
<li>Fixes emulator skins to properly emulate d-pad in landscape mode.</li> 
<li>Fixes density rendering in the layout editor in ADT.</li> 
</ul> 
</dd>
</dl>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="toggleable closed">
  <a href="#" onclick="return toggleDiv(this)">
        <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/triangle-closed.png" class="toggle-img" height="9px" width="9px" />
        Android 1.6, Revision 1</a> <em>(September 2009)</em></a>
  <div class="toggleme">
<dl>
<dt>Dependencies</dt>
<dd>
<p>Requires SDK Tools r3 or higher.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
 </div>
</div>


<h2 id="api-level">API Level</h2>

<p>The Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} platform delivers an updated version of
the framework API. The Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} API
is assigned an integer identifier &mdash;
<strong>{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}</strong> &mdash; that is
stored in the system itself. This identifier, called the "API Level", allows the
system to correctly determine whether an application is compatible with
the system, prior to installing the application. </p>

<p>To use APIs introduced in Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} in your
application, you need to set the proper value, "{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}", in the
<code>android:minSdkVersion</code> attributes of the <code>&lt;uses-sdk&gt;</code>
element in your application's manifest. </p>

<p>For more information about how to use API Level, see the <a
href="{@docRoot}guide/appendix/api-levels.html">API Levels</a> document. </p>


<h2 id="api">Framework API Changes</h2>

<p>The sections below provide information about the application framework API provided by the Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} platform. </p>

<h3 id="UIFramework">UI framework</h3>
    <ul>
      <li>New classes in {@link android.view.animation}
      to control the behavior of animations:
        <ul>
          <li><code>AnticipateInterpolator</code></li>
          <li><code>AnticipateOvershootInterpolator</code></li>
          <li><code>BounceInterpolator</code></li>
          <li><code>OvershootInterpolator</code></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
      <li>New XML attribute <code>android:onClick</code> to specify a View's 
<a href="/reference/android/view/View.OnClickListener.html">View.OnClickListener</a> 
from a layout file.
      </li>
      <li>New support for dealing with varying screen densities. Density
information is associated with Bitmap and Canvas for performing the
correct scaling. The framework will automatically scale bitmaps and
nine-patches based on the density the resource was found under and the
density of the screen, etc.
      </li><p>To use APIs introduced in Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} in your application, you need to 
set the proper value, "{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}", in the attributes of the <code>&lt;uses-sdk&gt;</code> 
element in your application's manifest. </p>
    </ul>

<h3>Search framework</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>Applications can now expose relevant content to users as search
suggestions in the Quick Search Box, a new device-wide search capability that is
accessible from the home screen. To support this, the search framework adds new
attributes to the searchable metadata file. For complete information, see the
{@link android.app.SearchManager SearchManager} documentation.
    </li>
  </ul>

<h3>Accessibility framework</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>New {@link android.view.accessibility android.accessibility} package
that includes classes for capturing accessibility events and forwarding them to
an {@link android.accessibilityservice AccessibilityService} handler. </li>
    <li>New {@link android.accessibilityservice AccessibilityService} package
that lets your application track user events and provide visual, audible, or
haptic feedback to the user. </li>
  </ul>

<h3>Gesture input</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>New {@link android.gesture gesture} API for creating, recognizing,
loading, and saving gestures.</li>
  </ul>

<h3>Text-to-speech</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>New {@link android.speech.tts android.speech.tts} package provides
classes for synthesizing speech from text, for immediate playback or to create a
sound file.</li>
  </ul>

<h3>Graphics</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>Classes in {@link android.graphics android.graphics} now support scaling
for different screen densities.</li>
  </ul>

<h3>Telephony</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>New {@link android.telephony.SmsManager SmsManager} and other classes
for sending and receiving SMS messages.</li>
  </ul>

<h3>Utilities</h3>
  <ul>
    <li>New {@link android.util.DisplayMetrics DisplayMetrics} fields for
determining the density of the current device screen.</li>
  </ul>

<h3 id="AndroidManifest">Android Manifest elements</h3>

    <ul>
      <li>New <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/supports-screens-element.html">{@code 
      &lt;supports-screens>}</a> element lets you specify the device screen sizes that your 
      application is designed and tested to support, where "size" is a combination
      of resolution and density. If your application is run on a device whose screen 
      size is not specified in the <code>&lt;supports-screen&gt;</code> element, the system 
      displays the application in <em>compatibility mode</em>, which performs best-effort scaling
      of the application UI to match the resolution and density of the screen. 

    <p>The attributes available for defining an application's screen support are:

        <ul>

          <li><code>smallScreen</code>: Boolean value that indicates whether the
            application is designed to run on devices with small screens. 
            Examples: QVGA low density; VGA high density.
          </li>
          <li><code>normalScreens</code>: Boolean value that indicates whether 
            the application is designed to run on devices with normal screens. 
            Examples: WQVGA low density; HVGA medium density; WVGA high density.
          </li>
          <li><code>largeScreens</code>: Boolean value that indicates whether 
            the application is designed to run on devices with significantly 
            larger screens, such that special care may be required on
            the application's part to make proper use of the screen area. 
            Examples: VGA medium density; WVGA medium density.
          </li>
          <li><code>anyDensity</code>: Boolean value that indicates whether 
            the application can accommodate any screen density.
          </li>
          <li><code>resizable</code>: Boolean value that indicates whether
            the application can expand its layout to fit slightly larger screens.
          </li>
        </ul>
    </p>
    </li>

      <li>New <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-feature-element.html">{@code &lt;uses-feature>}</a>
        element lets an application specify hardware (or other)
        features that it requires to function normally. When an application
        specifies such features, the system allows the application to be installed only
        on devices that offer the required features. The element supports these
        attributes:
        <ul>
          <li><code>name</code>: The name of the feature required by the application. Currently accepts 
          "android.hardware.camera" and "android.hardware.camera.autofocus" values, which specify that a 
          camera and camera autofocus are required, respectively.</li>
          <li><code>glEsVersion</code>: Indicates the minimum version of OpenGL ES required.</li>
        </ul>
      </li>
      <li>New attributes for the 
      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html">{@code &lt;uses-sdk>}</a> element:
        <ul>
          <li><code>targetSdkVersion</code>: Indicates the API Level that the application is targeting. 
          It is able to run on older versions (down to minSdkVersion), but was explicitly tested to 
          work with the version specified here. Specifying this version allows the platform to 
          disable compatibility code that is not required or enable newer features that are not 
          available to older applications. </li>
          <li><code>maxSdkVersion</code>: Indicates the maximum API Level on which an application is 
          designed to run. <strong>Important:</strong> Please read the <a
          href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html"><code>&lt;uses-sdk&gt;</code></a>
          documentation before using this attribute. </li>
        </ul>
      </li>

      </li>
    </ul>

<h3>New permissions</h3>

    <ul>
      <li>{@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
          CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE}: Allows applications to enter Wi-Fi 
          Multicast mode.
      </li>
      <li>{@link android.Manifest.permission#GLOBAL_SEARCH}: Allows the 
          global search system to access the data of a specified content provider.
      </li> 
      <li>{@link android.Manifest.permission#INSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER INSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER}: 
          Allows an application to install a location provider into the Location Manager.
      </li>
      <li>{@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS}: 
          Allows an application to read (but not write) the user's browsing history 
          and bookmarks.
      </li>
      <li>{@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS}: 
          Allows an application to write (but not read) the user's browsing history 
          and bookmarks.
      </li>
      <li>{@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}: 
          Allows an application to write to external storage. Applications using API Level 3
          and lower will be implicitly granted this permission (and this will be visible to 
          the user); Applications using API Level 4 or higher must explicitly request this 
          permission.
      </li>
    </ul>


<h3 id="api-diff">API differences report</h3>

<p>For a detailed view of API changes in Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} (API Level {@sdkPlatformApiLevel}), as compared to 
the previous version, see the <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/api_diff/{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}/changes.html">API 
Differences Report</a>.</p>

<h2 id="apps">Built-in Applications</h2>

<p>The system image included in the downloadable platform provides these
built-in applications:</p>

<table style="border:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;">
<tr>
<td style="border:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;">
	<ul>
	<li>Alarm Clock</li>
	<li>Browser</li>
	<li>Calculator</li>
	<li>Camcorder</li>
	<li>Camera</li>
	<li>Contacts</li>
	<li>Custom Locale (developer app)</li>
	<li>Dev Tools (developer app)</li>
	<li>Dialer</li>
	</ul>
</td>
<td style="border:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-left:5em;">
	<ul>
	<li>Email</li>
	<li>Gallery</li>
	<li>Gestures Builder</li>
	<li>IME for Japanese text input</li>
	<li>Messaging</li>
	<li>Music</li>
	<li>Settings</li>
	<li>Spare Parts (developer app)</li>
	</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<h2 id="locs" style="margin-top:.75em;">Locales</h2>

<p>The system image included in the downloadable platform provides a variety of
built-in locales. In some cases, region-specific strings are available for the
locales. In other cases, a default version of the language is used. The
languages that are available in the Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} system 
image are listed below (with <em>language</em>_<em>country/region</em> 
locale descriptor).</p>

<table style="border:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;">
<tr>
<td style="border:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;">
<ul>
<li>Chinese, PRC (zh_CN)</li>
<li>Chinese, Taiwan (zh_TW)</li>
<li>Czech (cs_CZ)</li>
<li>Dutch, Netherlands (nl_NL)</li>
<li>Dutch, Belgium (nl_BE)</li>
<li>English, US (en_US)</li>
<li>English, Britain (en_GB)</li>
<li>English, Canada (en_CA)</li>
<li>English, Australia (en_AU)</li>
<li>English, New Zealand (en_NZ)</li>
<li>English, Singapore(en_SG)</li>
<li>French, France (fr_FR)</li>
<li>French, Belgium (fr_BE)</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="border:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-left:5em;">
<li>French, Canada (fr_CA)</li>
<li>French, Switzerland (fr_CH)</li>
<li>German, Germany (de_DE)</li>
<li>German, Austria (de_AT)</li>
<li>German, Switzerland (de_CH)</li>
<li>German, Liechtenstein (de_LI)</li>
<li>Italian, Italy (it_IT)</li>
<li>Italian, Switzerland (it_CH)</li>
<li>Japanese (ja_JP)</li>
<li>Korean (ko_KR)</li>
<li>Polish (pl_PL)</li>
<li>Russian (ru_RU)</li>
<li>Spanish (es_ES)</li>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>Localized UI strings match the locales that are accessible 
through Settings.</p>

<h2 id="skins">Emulator Skins</h2>

<p>The downloadable platform includes a set of emulator skins that you can 
use for modeling your application in different screen sizes and resolutions. 
The emulator skins are: </p>

<ul>
  <li>
    QVGA (240x320, low density, small screen)
  </li>
  <li>
    HVGA (320x480, medium density, normal screen)
  </li>
  <li>
    WVGA800 (480x800, high density, normal screen)
  </li>
  <li>
    WVGA854 (480x854 high density, normal screen)
  </li>
</ul>

<p>For more information about how to develop an application that displays and functions properly on all Android-powered devices, see <a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/screens_support.html">Supporting Multiple Screens</a>.</p>