AI Implementation feature(871): Admin Area System: Database Backup/Restore and Danger Zone (#61)

tests/backend/admin-system-authorization.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+process.env.DATABASE_PATH = ':memory:';
+process.env.THEMES_DIR = './themes';
+process.env.FRONTEND_DIST = './frontend/dist';
+process.env.UPLOAD_SIZE_LIMIT = '5mb';
+process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpAdapterHost } from '@nestjs/core';
+import cookieParser from 'cookie-parser';
+import * as express from 'express';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { CookieAccessInfo } from 'cookiejar';
+import { AppModule } from '../../backend/src/app.module';
+import { GlobalExceptionFilter } from '../../backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter';
+import { CsrfMiddleware } from '../../backend/src/common/middleware/csrf.middleware';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { initDb } from './db-helper';
+
+async function buildAgent(
+  app: INestApplication,
+  username: string,
+  password: string,
+): Promise<{ agent: any; token: string }> {
+  const server = app.getHttpServer();
+  const agent = request.agent(server);
+  await agent.get('/api/v1/auth/csrf');
+  const csrf = (agent.jar.getCookies(CookieAccessInfo.All) as any).find((c: any) => c.name === 'csrf');
+  const res = await agent
+    .post('/api/v1/auth/login')
+    .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf.value)
+    .send({ username, password })
+    .expect(201);
+  (agent as any).accessToken = res.body.accessToken as string;
+  return { agent, token: res.body.accessToken as string };
+}
+
+async function csrfHeaderFor(agent: any): Promise<string> {
+  const cookies = agent.jar.getCookies(CookieAccessInfo.All);
+  return (cookies as any[]).find((c: any) => c.name === 'csrf').value as string;
+}
+
+describe('Job 871: System endpoint authorization', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let adminAgent: any;
+  let adminToken: string;
+  let playerAgent: any;
+  let playerToken: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({ imports: [AppModule] }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.use(cookieParser());
+    app.use(express.json({ limit: '10mb' }));
+    const csrfMw = new CsrfMiddleware(app.get(ConfigService));
+    app.use((req: any, res: any, next: any) => csrfMw.use(req, res, next));
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, forbidNonWhitelisted: false, transform: true }));
+    const httpAdapterHost = app.get(HttpAdapterHost);
+    app.useGlobalFilters(new GlobalExceptionFilter(httpAdapterHost));
+    await app.init();
+    await initDb(app);
+
+    await request(app.getHttpServer())
+      .post('/api/v1/auth/register-first-admin')
+      .send({ username: 'admin', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(201);
+
+    adminAgent = request.agent(app.getHttpServer());
+    await adminAgent.get('/api/v1/auth/csrf');
+    const csrfAdmin = (adminAgent.jar.getCookies(CookieAccessInfo.All) as any).find((c: any) => c.name === 'csrf');
+    const adminLogin = await adminAgent
+      .post('/api/v1/auth/login')
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrfAdmin.value)
+      .send({ username: 'admin', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(201);
+    adminToken = adminLogin.body.accessToken;
+    (adminAgent as any).accessToken = adminToken;
+
+    await adminAgent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/users')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrfAdmin.value)
+      .send({ username: 'player1', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass', role: 'player' })
+      .expect(201);
+
+    const playerLogin = await adminAgent
+      .post('/api/v1/auth/login')
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrfAdmin.value)
+      .send({ username: 'player1', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(201);
+    playerToken = playerLogin.body.accessToken;
+
+    playerAgent = request.agent(app.getHttpServer());
+    await playerAgent.get('/api/v1/auth/csrf');
+    const csrfPlayer = (playerAgent.jar.getCookies(CookieAccessInfo.All) as any).find((c: any) => c.name === 'csrf');
+    await playerAgent
+      .post('/api/v1/auth/login')
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrfPlayer.value)
+      .send({ username: 'player1', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(201);
+    (playerAgent as any).accessToken = playerToken;
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  it('GET /admin/system/backup without token returns 401', async () => {
+    await request(app.getHttpServer()).get('/api/v1/admin/system/backup').expect(401);
+  });
+
+  it('GET /admin/system/backup with player JWT returns 403', async () => {
+    await request(app.getHttpServer())
+      .get('/api/v1/admin/system/backup')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${playerToken}`)
+      .expect(403);
+  });
+
+  it('GET /admin/system/backup with admin JWT returns 200 application/json', async () => {
+    const res = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+      .get('/api/v1/admin/system/backup')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
+      .expect(200);
+    expect(res.headers['content-type']).toMatch(/application\/json/);
+    expect(typeof res.text).toBe('string');
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(res.text);
+    expect(parsed.format).toBe('hipctf-system-backup');
+    expect(parsed.tables).toBeDefined();
+    expect(Array.isArray(parsed.uploads)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});

tests/backend/admin-system-backup.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+process.env.DATABASE_PATH = ':memory:';
+process.env.THEMES_DIR = './themes';
+process.env.FRONTEND_DIST = './frontend/dist';
+process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { TypeOrmModule, getDataSourceToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as os from 'os';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import { validateEnv } from '../../backend/src/config/env.schema';
+import { BackupService } from '../../backend/src/modules/admin/system/backup.service';
+import { UserEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/user.entity';
+import { SettingEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/setting.entity';
+import { CategoryEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/category.entity';
+import { ChallengeEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/challenge.entity';
+import { ChallengeFileEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/challenge-file.entity';
+import { SolveEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/solve.entity';
+import { RefreshTokenEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/refresh-token.entity';
+import { BlogPostEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/blog-post.entity';
+import { AdminOperationTokenEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/admin-operation-token.entity';
+import { InitSchema1700000000000 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000000-InitSchema';
+import { SeedSystemData1700000000100 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000100-SeedSystemData';
+import { AddCategoryTimestampsAndUniqueAbbrev1700000000200 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000200-AddCategoryTimestampsAndUniqueAbbrev';
+import { UpdateSystemCategoryKeys1700000000300 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000300-UpdateSystemCategoryKeys';
+import { RepairCategorySchemaAndSystemCategories1700000000400 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000400-RepairCategorySchemaAndSystemCategories';
+import { UpgradeChallengeAdminSchema1700000000500 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000500-UpgradeChallengeAdminSchema';
+import { AddAdminOperationTokens1700000000900 } from '../../backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000900-AddAdminOperationTokens';
+
+describe('Job 871: BackupService captures + filters', () => {
+  let moduleRef: any;
+  let backup: BackupService;
+  let uploadDir: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    uploadDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hipctf-sys-backup-'));
+    process.env.UPLOAD_DIR = uploadDir;
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(uploadDir, 'logo.bin'), Buffer.from('LOGO-BYTES'));
+    fs.mkdirSync(path.join(uploadDir, 'icons'), { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(uploadDir, 'icons', 'icon.png'), Buffer.from('ICON'));
+
+    moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [
+        ConfigModule.forRoot({ isGlobal: true, validate: validateEnv }),
+        TypeOrmModule.forRoot({
+          type: 'better-sqlite3',
+          database: ':memory:',
+          entities: [
+            UserEntity, SettingEntity, CategoryEntity, ChallengeEntity,
+            ChallengeFileEntity, SolveEntity, RefreshTokenEntity, BlogPostEntity,
+            AdminOperationTokenEntity,
+          ],
+          migrations: [
+            InitSchema1700000000000,
+            SeedSystemData1700000000100,
+            AddCategoryTimestampsAndUniqueAbbrev1700000000200,
+            UpdateSystemCategoryKeys1700000000300,
+            RepairCategorySchemaAndSystemCategories1700000000400,
+            UpgradeChallengeAdminSchema1700000000500,
+            AddAdminOperationTokens1700000000900,
+          ],
+          migrationsRun: true,
+          synchronize: false,
+        }),
+      ],
+      providers: [BackupService],
+    }).compile();
+    backup = moduleRef.get(BackupService);
+    const dataSource = moduleRef.get(getDataSourceToken());
+    await dataSource.query(
+      `INSERT INTO user (id,username,password_hash,role,status,created_at) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'))`,
+      ['u-1', 'alice', 'HASH', 'player', 'enabled'],
+    );
+    await dataSource.query(`INSERT INTO setting (key,value) VALUES (?,?)`, ['testCustomKey', 'HIPCTF']);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await moduleRef?.close();
+    if (uploadDir && fs.existsSync(uploadDir)) {
+      try {
+        fs.rmSync(uploadDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      } catch {
+        // ignore
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('captures every application table and base64-encoded uploads', async () => {
+    const obj = await backup.build();
+    expect(obj.format).toBe('hipctf-system-backup');
+    expect(obj.tables.user.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(obj.tables.setting.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(obj.uploads.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const logo = obj.uploads.find((u) => u.path.includes('logo.bin'));
+    expect(logo).toBeDefined();
+    expect(Buffer.from(logo!.dataBase64, 'base64').toString()).toBe('LOGO-BYTES');
+  });
+
+  it('never includes operational or sqlite-internal tables', async () => {
+    const obj = await backup.build();
+    expect(Object.keys(obj.tables)).not.toContain('admin_operation_token');
+    expect(Object.keys(obj.tables)).not.toContain('migrations');
+    expect(Object.keys(obj.tables)).not.toContain('sqlite_master');
+    expect(obj.tableCounts['admin_operation_token']).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});

tests/backend/admin-system-confirmation-token.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+process.env.DATABASE_PATH = ':memory:';
+process.env.THEMES_DIR = './themes';
+process.env.FRONTEND_DIST = './frontend/dist';
+process.env.UPLOAD_SIZE_LIMIT = '5mb';
+process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpAdapterHost } from '@nestjs/core';
+import cookieParser from 'cookie-parser';
+import * as express from 'express';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { CookieAccessInfo } from 'cookiejar';
+import { AppModule } from '../../backend/src/app.module';
+import { GlobalExceptionFilter } from '../../backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter';
+import { CsrfMiddleware } from '../../backend/src/common/middleware/csrf.middleware';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { initDb } from './db-helper';
+
+async function csrfHeader(agent: any): Promise<string> {
+  const cookies = agent.jar.getCookies(CookieAccessInfo.All);
+  return (cookies as any[]).find((c: any) => c.name === 'csrf').value as string;
+}
+
+async function loginAgent(app: INestApplication, username: string, password: string): Promise<{ agent: any; token: string }> {
+  const agent = request.agent(app.getHttpServer());
+  await agent.get('/api/v1/auth/csrf');
+  const csrf = await csrfHeader(agent);
+  const res = await agent
+    .post('/api/v1/auth/login')
+    .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+    .send({ username, password })
+    .expect(201);
+  (agent as any).accessToken = res.body.accessToken;
+  return { agent, token: res.body.accessToken };
+}
+
+describe('Job 871: Confirmation-token binding + replay rejection', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let admin: { agent: any; token: string };
+  let csrf: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({ imports: [AppModule] }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.use(cookieParser());
+    app.use(express.json({ limit: '10mb' }));
+    const csrfMw = new CsrfMiddleware(app.get(ConfigService));
+    app.use((req: any, res: any, next: any) => csrfMw.use(req, res, next));
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, forbidNonWhitelisted: false, transform: true }));
+    const httpAdapterHost = app.get(HttpAdapterHost);
+    app.useGlobalFilters(new GlobalExceptionFilter(httpAdapterHost));
+    await app.init();
+    await initDb(app);
+
+    await request(app.getHttpServer())
+      .post('/api/v1/auth/register-first-admin')
+      .send({ username: 'admin', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(201);
+
+    admin = await loginAgent(app, 'admin', 'Sup3rSecret!Pass');
+    csrf = await csrfHeader(admin.agent);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  it('issues a confirmation token for reset-scores', async () => {
+    const res = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(200);
+    expect(res.body.token).toEqual(expect.any(String));
+    expect(res.body.operation).toBe('reset-scores');
+    expect(res.body.expiresAt).toEqual(expect.any(String));
+  });
+
+  it('rejects confirmation requests with the wrong password', async () => {
+    const res = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', password: 'WrongPassword!1' });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+    expect(res.body.code).toBe('SYSTEM_INVALID_CREDENTIALS');
+  });
+
+  it('rejects token requests without authentication', async () => {
+    const res = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' });
+    expect([401, 403]).toContain(res.status);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects token reuse on the reset-scores endpoint', async () => {
+    const issued = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(200);
+    const first = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/scores/reset')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', token: issued.body.token })
+      .expect(200);
+    expect(first.body.ok).toBe(true);
+    const second = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/scores/reset')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', token: issued.body.token });
+    expect([400, 409]).toContain(second.status);
+    expect(['SYSTEM_TOKEN_REUSED', 'SYSTEM_TOKEN_INVALID']).toContain(second.body.code);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects tokens issued for a different operation', async () => {
+    const issued = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(200);
+    const res = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/challenges/wipe')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'wipe-challenges', token: issued.body.token });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(['SYSTEM_TOKEN_MISMATCH', 'SYSTEM_TOKEN_INVALID']).toContain(res.body.code);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects tokens with a fabricated value', async () => {
+    const res = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/scores/reset')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', token: 'not-a-real-token' });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(res.body.code).toBe('SYSTEM_TOKEN_INVALID');
+  });
+});

tests/backend/admin-system-danger.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Resolve a stable per-suite upload directory BEFORE AppModule is imported so
+// the @nestjs/config validator picks it up at module-decoration time. We
+// don't care about the exact path for the test runner — the absolute path
+// just needs to be writable and consistent for the lifetime of this worker.
+const TEST_UPLOAD_DIR = `/tmp/hipctf-danger-zone-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}`;
+try {
+  fs.mkdirSync(TEST_UPLOAD_DIR, { recursive: true });
+} catch {
+  // ignore
+}
+
+process.env.DATABASE_PATH = ':memory:';
+process.env.THEMES_DIR = './themes';
+process.env.FRONTEND_DIST = './frontend/dist';
+process.env.UPLOAD_SIZE_LIMIT = '5mb';
+process.env.UPLOAD_DIR = TEST_UPLOAD_DIR;
+process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpAdapterHost } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { getDataSourceToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import cookieParser from 'cookie-parser';
+import * as express from 'express';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { CookieAccessInfo } from 'cookiejar';
+import { AppModule } from '../../backend/src/app.module';
+import { GlobalExceptionFilter } from '../../backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter';
+import { CsrfMiddleware } from '../../backend/src/common/middleware/csrf.middleware';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { DangerZoneService } from '../../backend/src/modules/admin/system/danger-zone.service';
+import { initDb } from './db-helper';
+
+async function csrfHeader(agent: any): Promise<string> {
+  const cookies = agent.jar.getCookies(CookieAccessInfo.All);
+  return (cookies as any[]).find((c: any) => c.name === 'csrf').value as string;
+}
+
+async function loginAgent(
+  app: INestApplication,
+  username: string,
+  password: string,
+): Promise<{ agent: any; token: string }> {
+  const agent = request.agent(app.getHttpServer());
+  await agent.get('/api/v1/auth/csrf');
+  const csrf = await csrfHeader(agent);
+  const res = await agent
+    .post('/api/v1/auth/login')
+    .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+    .send({ username, password })
+    .expect(201);
+  return { agent, token: res.body.accessToken };
+}
+
+describe('Job 871: Danger zone preservation rules', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let admin: { agent: any; token: string };
+  let csrf: string;
+  const uploadDir = TEST_UPLOAD_DIR;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({ imports: [AppModule] }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.use(cookieParser());
+    app.use(express.json({ limit: '10mb' }));
+    const csrfMw = new CsrfMiddleware(app.get(ConfigService));
+    app.use((req: any, res: any, next: any) => csrfMw.use(req, res, next));
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, forbidNonWhitelisted: false, transform: true }));
+    const httpAdapterHost = app.get(HttpAdapterHost);
+    app.useGlobalFilters(new GlobalExceptionFilter(httpAdapterHost));
+    await app.init();
+    await initDb(app);
+
+    await request(app.getHttpServer())
+      .post('/api/v1/auth/register-first-admin')
+      .send({ username: 'admin', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(201);
+
+    admin = await loginAgent(app, 'admin', 'Sup3rSecret!Pass');
+    csrf = await csrfHeader(admin.agent);
+
+    // Add a player + a solve by inserting a row directly (so we don't depend on challenges being provisioned).
+    const directSql = async (sql: string) => {
+      const ds = app.get('DatabaseModule') ;
+      const dataSource = app.get('DataSource' as any);
+      void ds;
+      await dataSource.query(sql);
+    };
+
+    const dataSource = app.get(getDataSourceToken());
+    const playerId = 'p-1';
+    const catId = 'cat-1';
+    const chId = 'ch-1';
+    await dataSource.query(
+      `INSERT INTO user (id,username,password_hash,role,status,created_at) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'))`,
+      [playerId, 'player1', 'X', 'player', 'enabled'],
+    );
+    await dataSource.query(
+      `INSERT INTO category (id,system_key,name,abbreviation,description,icon_path,created_at,updated_at) VALUES (?,NULL,'Custom','CUS','','',strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'),strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'))`,
+      [catId],
+    );
+    await dataSource.query(
+      `INSERT INTO challenge (id,name,description_md,category_id,difficulty,initial_points,minimum_points,decay_solves,flag,protocol,port,ip_address,enabled,created_at,updated_at) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'),strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'))`,
+      [chId, 'Test', '', catId, 'LOW', 100, 50, 10, 'flag{}', 'WEB', null, '', 1],
+    );
+    await dataSource.query(
+      `INSERT INTO solve (id,challenge_id,user_id,solved_at,points_awarded,base_points,rank_bonus,is_first,is_second,is_third) VALUES (?,?,?,strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'),?,?,?,?,?,?)`,
+      ['s-1', chId, playerId, 100, 100, 0, 1, 0, 0],
+    );
+    void directSql;
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+    if (uploadDir && fs.existsSync(uploadDir)) {
+      try {
+        fs.rmSync(uploadDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      } catch {
+        // ignore
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('reset-scores deletes every solve while preserving users + categories + challenges', async () => {
+    const dataSource = app.get(getDataSourceToken());
+    const before = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM solve');
+    expect(Number((before as any[])[0].c)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    const issued = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(200);
+
+    const res = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/scores/reset')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'reset-scores', token: issued.body.token })
+      .expect(200);
+    expect(res.body.ok).toBe(true);
+    expect(res.body.solvesRemoved).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    const afterSolves = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM solve');
+    expect(Number((afterSolves as any[])[0].c)).toBe(0);
+
+    const users = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM user');
+    expect(Number((users as any[])[0].c)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+    const cats = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM category');
+    expect(Number((cats as any[])[0].c)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const chs = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM challenge');
+    expect(Number((chs as any[])[0].c)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  it('wipe-challenges removes every challenge + solve + file but keeps users + categories', async () => {
+    const dataSource = app.get(getDataSourceToken());
+    // seed a challenge file row so we can confirm preserves rule
+    await dataSource.query(
+      `INSERT INTO challenge_file (id,challenge_id,original_filename,stored_filename,mime_type,size_bytes,created_at) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now'))`,
+      ['cf-1', 'ch-1', 'readme.txt', 'cf-1.bin', 'text/plain', 0],
+    );
+
+    // Pre-create a real challenge file on disk so the physical-delete
+    // step actually has something to remove.
+    const challengesDir = path.join(uploadDir, 'challenges');
+    fs.mkdirSync(challengesDir, { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(challengesDir, 'cf-1.bin'), Buffer.from('LIVE-CHALLENGE-BYTES'));
+
+    // Sanity: confirm the DangerZoneService resolved to our temp dir.
+    const danger = app.get(DangerZoneService);
+    expect((danger as any).uploadDir).toBe(uploadDir);
+    void danger;
+
+    const issued = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/confirmations')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'wipe-challenges', password: 'Sup3rSecret!Pass' })
+      .expect(200);
+
+    const res = await admin.agent
+      .post('/api/v1/admin/system/challenges/wipe')
+      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${admin.token}`)
+      .set('X-CSRF-Token', csrf)
+      .send({ operation: 'wipe-challenges', token: issued.body.token })
+      .expect(200);
+    expect(res.body.ok).toBe(true);
+    expect(res.body.challengesRemoved).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    const challenges = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM challenge');
+    expect(Number((challenges as any[])[0].c)).toBe(0);
+    const files = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM challenge_file');
+    expect(Number((files as any[])[0].c)).toBe(0);
+    const solves = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM solve');
+    expect(Number((solves as any[])[0].c)).toBe(0);
+    const users = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM user');
+    expect(Number((users as any[])[0].c)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+    const cats = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM category');
+    expect(Number((cats as any[])[0].c)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // Live challenge-files directory must be physically empty/absent.
+    if (fs.existsSync(challengesDir)) {
+      const remaining = fs.readdirSync(challengesDir);
+      expect(remaining).toEqual([]);
+    }
+    // Staging snapshot must have been cleaned up after the disk delete.
+    const snapshotLeftover = fs
+      .readdirSync(uploadDir)
+      .some((entry) => entry.startsWith('challenges.wipe-stage-'));
+    expect(snapshotLeftover).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

tests/backend/admin-system-restore-validation.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+process.env.DATABASE_PATH = ':memory:';
+process.env.THEMES_DIR = './themes';
+process.env.FRONTEND_DIST = './frontend/dist';
+process.env.UPLOAD_SIZE_LIMIT = '5mb';
+process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { getDataSourceToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as os from 'os';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import { validateEnv } from '../../backend/src/config/env.schema';
+import { RestoreService } from '../../backend/src/modules/admin/system/restore.service';
+import { FilesystemTransactionService } from '../../backend/src/modules/admin/system/filesystem-transaction.service';
+import { UserEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/user.entity';
+import { SettingEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/setting.entity';
+import { CategoryEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/category.entity';
+import { ChallengeEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/challenge.entity';
+import { ChallengeFileEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/challenge-file.entity';
+import { SolveEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/solve.entity';
+import { RefreshTokenEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/refresh-token.entity';
+import { BlogPostEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/blog-post.entity';
+import { AdminOperationTokenEntity } from '../../backend/src/database/entities/admin-operation-token.entity';
+
+describe('Job 871: RestoreService validation rejects malformed archives before mutation', () => {
+  let moduleRef: any;
+  let restore: RestoreService;
+  let dataSource: any;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    process.env.UPLOAD_DIR = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hipctf-restore-uploads-'));
+    moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [
+        ConfigModule.forRoot({ isGlobal: true, validate: validateEnv }),
+        TypeOrmModule.forRoot({
+          type: 'better-sqlite3',
+          database: ':memory:',
+          entities: [
+            UserEntity, SettingEntity, CategoryEntity, ChallengeEntity,
+            ChallengeFileEntity, SolveEntity, RefreshTokenEntity, BlogPostEntity,
+            AdminOperationTokenEntity,
+          ],
+          synchronize: true,
+        }),
+      ],
+      providers: [RestoreService, FilesystemTransactionService],
+    }).compile();
+    moduleRef.init();
+    dataSource = moduleRef.get(getDataSourceToken());
+    restore = moduleRef.get(RestoreService);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    const dir = process.env.UPLOAD_DIR!;
+    if (fs.existsSync(dir)) {
+      try {
+        fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      } catch {
+        // ignore
+      }
+    }
+    await moduleRef?.close();
+  });
+
+  it('rejects empty JSON', async () => {
+    await expect(restore.stageArchive('', 'admin-1')).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: 'SYSTEM_RESTORE_VALIDATION_FAILED',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('rejects wrong format', async () => {
+    const bad = JSON.stringify({ format: 'wrong', version: 1, exportedAt: 'x', tables: {}, uploads: [] });
+    await expect(restore.stageArchive(bad, 'admin-1')).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: 'SYSTEM_RESTORE_VALIDATION_FAILED',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('rejects base64 size mismatch', async () => {
+    const bad = {
+      format: 'hipctf-system-backup',
+      version: 1,
+      exportedAt: 'x',
+      tables: {},
+      uploads: [
+        {
+          path: 'icons/mismatch.png',
+          originalFilename: 'm.png',
+          mimeType: 'image/png',
+          sizeBytes: 100,
+          dataBase64: Buffer.from('short').toString('base64'),
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+    await expect(restore.stageArchive(JSON.stringify(bad), 'admin-1')).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: 'SYSTEM_RESTORE_VALIDATION_FAILED',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('rejects path traversal', async () => {
+    const data = Buffer.alloc(0).toString('base64');
+    const bad = {
+      format: 'hipctf-system-backup',
+      version: 1,
+      exportedAt: 'x',
+      tables: {},
+      uploads: [
+        {
+          path: '../../../etc/passwd',
+          originalFilename: 'x',
+          mimeType: 'application/octet-stream',
+          sizeBytes: 0,
+          dataBase64: data,
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+    await expect(restore.stageArchive(JSON.stringify(bad), 'admin-1')).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: 'SYSTEM_RESTORE_VALIDATION_FAILED',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('does not mutate live data after rejected validation', async () => {
+    const users = await dataSource.query('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM user');
+    expect(Number((users as any[])[0]?.c ?? 0)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    const stagedCount = (restore as any).stages?.size ?? 0;
+    expect(stagedCount).toBe(0);
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/admin-system.pure.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+process.env.DATABASE_PATH = ':memory:';
+process.env.THEMES_DIR = './themes';
+process.env.FRONTEND_DIST = './frontend/dist';
+
+import {
+  coerceSystemError,
+  destructiveCopy,
+  deriveBackupFilename,
+  friendlySystemErrorMessage,
+} from '../../frontend/src/app/features/admin/system/system.pure';
+
+describe('Job 871: friendlySystemErrorMessage mapping', () => {
+  it('returns the friendly token-expired message for SYSTEM_TOKEN_EXPIRED', () => {
+    const err = { status: 400, code: 'SYSTEM_TOKEN_EXPIRED', message: 'expired' };
+    expect(friendlySystemErrorMessage('restore-backup', err)).toContain('expired');
+    expect(friendlySystemErrorMessage('restore-backup', err)).toMatch(/Re-authenticate/i);
+  });
+
+  it('returns a specific message for SYSTEM_RESTORE_ROLLED_BACK', () => {
+    expect(friendlySystemErrorMessage('restore-backup', { status: 500, code: 'SYSTEM_RESTORE_ROLLED_BACK', message: 'rb' }))
+      .toContain('rolled back');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to operation message when code is unknown', () => {
+    expect(friendlySystemErrorMessage('wipe-challenges', { status: 500, code: 'WEIRD', message: 'broken' }))
+      .toBe('broken');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the operation default when message is empty', () => {
+    expect(friendlySystemErrorMessage('reset-scores', { status: 500, code: 'WEIRD', message: '' }))
+      .toContain('Reset scores failed');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Job 871: destructiveCopy', () => {
+  it('reset-scores confirms with RESET SCORES', () => {
+    expect(destructiveCopy('reset-scores').confirmation).toBe('RESET SCORES');
+  });
+  it('wipe-challenges confirms with WIPE CHALLENGES', () => {
+    expect(destructiveCopy('wipe-challenges').confirmation).toBe('WIPE CHALLENGES');
+  });
+  it('restore-backup confirms with RESTORE BACKUP', () => {
+    expect(destructiveCopy('restore-backup').confirmation).toBe('RESTORE BACKUP');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Job 871: deriveBackupFilename', () => {
+  it('contains today date and .json', () => {
+    const name = deriveBackupFilename();
+    expect(name).toMatch(/^hipctf-backup-\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\.json$/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Job 871: coerceSystemError', () => {
+  it('reads body from HttpErrorResponse shape', () => {
+    const out = coerceSystemError(
+      { status: 400, error: { code: 'X', message: 'Y' } },
+      'fallback',
+    );
+    expect(out.code).toBe('X');
+    expect(out.message).toBe('Y');
+    expect(out.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back when no envelope is present', () => {
+    const out = coerceSystemError(new Error('boom'), 'fallback');
+    expect(out.code).toBe('INTERNAL');
+    expect(out.message).toBe('boom');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back for null', () => {
+    const out = coerceSystemError(null, 'fallback');
+    expect(out.code).toBe('INTERNAL');
+    expect(out.message).toBe('fallback');
+  });
+});