AI Implementation feature(820): Project Scaffold and Platform Foundations (#1)

2026-07-21 14:23:53 +00:00
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+---
+type: database
+title: Database Schema Overview
+description: SQLite (better-sqlite3) schema for HIPCTF: tables, relationships, indexes, and WAL journal mode.
+tags: [database, sqlite, typeorm, schema]
+timestamp: 2026-07-21T14:18:00Z
+---
+
+# Overview
+
+HIPCTF uses **SQLite via better-sqlite3** with TypeORM migrations. The
+database is a single file (`DATABASE_PATH`, default
+`/data/hipctf/db.sqlite`) running in **WAL journal mode** for better
+concurrent read/write performance.
+
+The schema is created by a single migration
+(`backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000000-InitSchema.ts`) and seeded
+by a second migration
+(`backend/src/database/migrations/1700000000100-SeedSystemData.ts`).
+
+# Tables
+
+| Table             | Purpose                                                     |
+|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `user`            | Authenticated users with role + status.                     |
+| `setting`         | Key/value site configuration.                               |
+| `category`        | Challenge categories (system + user-defined).               |
+| `challenge`       | CTF challenges with scoring + protocol metadata.            |
+| `challenge_file`  | Files attached to challenges.                               |
+| `solve`           | User-solved challenges (scoring ledger).                    |
+| `refresh_token`   | Rotating refresh tokens (hash + revocation).                |
+| `blog_post`       | Markdown blog posts in draft/published states.              |
+
+# Relationships
+
+```
+user ───< solve >─── challenge
+                │
+                └─── challenge_file >── challenge ──> category
+
+user ───< refresh_token
+```
+
+* `challenge.category_id` → `category.id` (`ON DELETE RESTRICT`).
+* `challenge_file.challenge_id` → `challenge.id` (`ON DELETE RESTRICT`).
+* `solve.challenge_id` → `challenge.id` (`ON DELETE RESTRICT`).
+* `solve.user_id` → `user.id` (`ON DELETE RESTRICT`).
+
+# Indexes
+
+| Table            | Index                                              |
+|------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
+| `category`       | `uq_category_system_key` (unique on `system_key` where NOT NULL) |
+| `challenge`      | `idx_challenge_category`                           |
+| `challenge_file` | `idx_challenge_file_challenge`                     |
+| `solve`          | `uq_solve_challenge_user` (unique), `idx_solve_user`, `idx_solve_challenge` |
+| `refresh_token`  | `idx_refresh_token_user`, unique on `token_hash`  |
+| `blog_post`      | `idx_blog_status_published` (`status`, `published_at`) |
+
+# PRAGMAs
+
+| PRAGMA             | Where set                                          | Effect                          |
+|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|
+| `foreign_keys = ON`| Migration `InitSchema1700000000000`                | Enforce FK constraints.         |
+| `journal_mode = WAL`| Migration + `DatabaseInitService.ensureWalMode()` on every startup | Persisted in DB header; allows concurrent readers. |
+
+# Bootstrap behavior
+
+On every process start, `DatabaseInitService.init()`:
+
+1. Initializes the TypeORM `DataSource` (idempotent).
+2. Calls `ensureWalMode()` — idempotent; if WAL is already set it only logs.
+3. Runs pending migrations if any (or if the `category` table is missing).
+4. Logs the seed row counts (categories, settings) via `verifySeed()`.
+
+# See also
+
+- [User Table](/database/users.md)
+- [Challenge Tables](/database/challenges.md)
+- [Auth and Settings Tables](/database/auth-settings.md)
+- [Blog Post Table](/database/blog-posts.md)