diff --git a/include/nixdorf b/include/nixdorf
index a7dea34..b377c3c 100755
--- a/include/nixdorf
+++ b/include/nixdorf
@@ -39,5 +39,17 @@ function italicLetters() {
   printf "\x1b\x34" >> "$1"
 }
 
+function makeNewline() {
+  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
+    printf "\n" >> "$2"
+  done
+}
+
+function makeLeft() {
+  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
+    printf " " >> "$2"
+  done
+}
+
 init
 resetLetters $DEVICE
diff --git a/jhp/JunghackerPass b/jhp/JunghackerPass
index e47b75a..890e84a 100755
--- a/jhp/JunghackerPass
+++ b/jhp/JunghackerPass
@@ -8,18 +8,6 @@ GIVENNAME=$1
 SURNAME=$2
 HOME=$3
 
-function makeNewline() {
-  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
-    printf "\n" >> $FILE
-  done
-}
-
-function makeLeft() {
-  for((i=0; i<$LEFT; i++)); do
-    printf " " >> $FILE
-  done
-}
-
 
 if [ ${#GIVENNAME} -gt $MAXLENGTH ] || [ ${#SURNAME} -gt $MAXLENGTH ] || [ ${#HOME} -gt $MAXLENGTH ]; then
   echo "MAXLENGTH EXCEEDED."
@@ -30,20 +18,20 @@ fi
 source ../include/nixdorf
 init
 
-makeNewline $TOP
-makeLeft
+makeNewline $TOP $FILE
+makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
 printf "$GIVENNAME" >> $FILE
 
-makeNewline 4
-makeLeft
+makeNewline 4 $FILE
+makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
 printf "$SURNAME" >> $FILE
 
-makeNewline 3
-makeLeft
+makeNewline 3 $FILE
+makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
 printf "$HOME" >> $FILE
 
-makeNewline 4
-makeLeft
+makeNewline 4 $FILE
+makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
 
 if [ -n "$EVENT" ]; then
   printf "$EVENT, $(date -I)" >> $FILE
diff --git a/jhp/gpgkey b/jhp/gpgkey
index 31f8a5b..52c2967 100755
--- a/jhp/gpgkey
+++ b/jhp/gpgkey
@@ -45,18 +45,6 @@ function moveDown() {
   done
 }
 
-function makeNewline() {
-  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
-    printf "\n" >> $FILE
-  done
-}
-
-function makeLeft() {
-  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
-    printf " " >> $FILE
-  done
-}
-
 
 function heading() {
   moveDown
@@ -69,11 +57,11 @@ function heading() {
   fi
 
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
-    makeLeft $HEADINGNEXTPAGE
+    makeLeft $HEADINGNEXTPAGE $FILE
   fi
 
-  makeLeft $LEFT
-  makeLeft $SPACE
+  makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
+  makeLeft $SPACE $FILE
 
   bigLetters $FILE
   printf "GPG" >> $FILE
@@ -90,10 +78,10 @@ function insertFP() {
 
   smallLetters $FILE
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
-    makeLeft $NEXTPAGE
+    makeLeft $NEXTPAGE $FILE
   fi
-  makeLeft $LEFT
-  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2))
+  makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
+  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2)) $FILE
   printf "$1 $2 $3 $4" >> $FILE
   resetLetters $FILE
   printf "\n" >> $FILE
@@ -101,10 +89,10 @@ function insertFP() {
 
   smallLetters $FILE
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
-    makeLeft $NEXTPAGE
+    makeLeft $NEXTPAGE $FILE
   fi
-  makeLeft $LEFT
-  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2))
+  makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
+  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2)) $FILE
   printf "$1 $2 $3 $4" >> $FILE
   resetLetters $FILE
   printf "\n" >> $FILE
@@ -114,8 +102,8 @@ function insertFP() {
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
     makeLeft $NEXTPAGE
   fi
-  makeLeft $LEFT
-  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2))
+  makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
+  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2)) $FILE
   printf "$1 $2" >> $FILE
   resetLetters $FILE
   printf "\n" >> $FILE
@@ -123,10 +111,10 @@ function insertFP() {
 
   smallLetters $FILE
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
-    makeLeft $NEXTPAGE
+    makeLeft $NEXTPAGE $FILE
   fi
-  makeLeft $LEFT
-  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2))
+  makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
+  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2)) $FILE
 
   if [ -n "$EVENT" ]; then
     printf "$EVENT, $(date -I)" >> $FILE
@@ -138,7 +126,7 @@ function insertFP() {
 source ../include/nixdorf
 init
 
-makeNewline $TOP
+makeNewline $TOP $FILE
 heading
 insertFP $@
 
diff --git a/jhp/iro b/jhp/iro
index c961215..c307e5d 100755
--- a/jhp/iro
+++ b/jhp/iro
@@ -47,18 +47,6 @@ function moveDown() {
   done
 }
 
-function makeNewline() {
-  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
-    printf "\n" >> $FILE
-  done
-}
-
-function makeLeft() {
-  for((i=0; i<$1; i++)); do
-    printf " " >> $FILE
-  done
-}
-
 
 function heading() {
   moveDown
@@ -76,29 +64,29 @@ function heading() {
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
     makeLeft $NEXTPAGE
   fi
-  makeLeft 1
-  makeLeft $SPACE
+  makeLeft 1 $FILE
+  makeLeft $SPACE $FILE
   italicLetters $FILE
   printf "INTERGALACTIC\n" >> $FILE
   
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
     makeLeft $NEXTPAGE
   fi
-  makeLeft 1
-  makeLeft $SPACE
+  makeLeft 1 $FILE
+  makeLeft $SPACE $FILE
   printf "REGISTRATION\n" >> $FILE
   bigLetters $FILE
 
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
-    makeLeft $HEADINGNEXTPAGE
+    makeLeft $HEADINGNEXTPAGE $FILE
     if [ $(($FIELD % 2)) -eq 1 ]; then
-      makeLeft $(($HSPACE - 1))
+      makeLeft $(($HSPACE - 1)) $FILE
     fi
   else
     if [ $(($FIELD % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then
-      makeLeft 1
+      makeLeft 1 $FILE
     fi
-    makeLeft $HSPACE
+    makeLeft $HSPACE $FILE
   fi
   printf "OFFICE\n" >> $FILE
   resetLetters $FILE
@@ -114,10 +102,10 @@ function insertDate() {
 
   smallLetters $FILE
   if [ $PAGE -eq 1 ]; then
-    makeLeft $NEXTPAGESMALL
+    makeLeft $NEXTPAGESMALL $FILE
   fi
-  makeLeft $LEFT
-  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2))
+  makeLeft $LEFT $FILE
+  makeLeft $(($SPACE + 2)) $FILE
   if [ -n "$EVENT" ]; then
     printf "$EVENT, $(date -I)" >> $FILE
   else
@@ -129,7 +117,7 @@ function insertDate() {
 source ../include/nixdorf
 init
 
-makeNewline $TOP
+makeNewline $TOP $FILE
 heading
 insertDate
 
diff --git a/start b/start
index b137d55..02e1a7d 100755
--- a/start
+++ b/start
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ function jhpReg() {
 
   confirm="  Forename:  $FNAME\n  Surename:  $SNAME\n  Planet:    $PLANET"
 
-  ynBox "IRO Stamp" "Does this being wants to have a IRO stamp?"
+  ynBox "IRO Stamp" "Does this being want to have a IRO stamp?"
   if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
     STAMP=true
   else